III. The physical properties of fats and oils have been the subject of longstanding research efforts both in the academic world and in industrial research. For a complete understanding of oils and fats processing, knowledge of the physical properties is also important. This fat is said to be rancid and the process is known as rancidity. Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and generally insoluble in water. Chemical Properties: 1. Fats may be either solid or liquid at room temperature, depending on their structure and composition. Fats contaminated with enzymes like lipase undergo partial hydrolysis and oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids at the double bonds. The free fatty acid content of crude oil varies widely based on the source. Properties of Fats and Oils FOR an understanding of the place of fats and oils in the diet and in the arts, some elementary knowledge of their chemical and physical properties is essential. Fats and proteins are two of the major nutrient groups that our bodies need. This module provides an introduction to these two macronutrients. Hydrolysis. Fats undergo hydrolysis when treated with mineral acids, the alkalies or fat splitting enzyme lipase or hydrolases to yield glycerol and the constituent fatty acids. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FATS. Chemical Structure Of Fats.
The terms lipid, oil, and fat are often confused. Fats are one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrates and proteins. Hydrolysis by alkalies, such as NaOH or KOH leads to the formation of sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids. It is the object of this section to present the minimum of such necessary information in the simplest way practicable. The module also introduces the amazing structure of protein molecules, including the peptide bond, and explains the purpose of proteins. The physical characteristics substantially influence the properties of use of oils and fats; chemical properties are of comparably much lower importance because they are more important for stability. The basic chemical structure of fats as triglycerides is presented along with the purposes and types of fat.
Chemically, fats are triglycerides: triesters of glycerol and any of several fatty acids. Examples include cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides. The minor components include mono- and diglycerides, free fatty acids, phosphatides, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, tocopherols, pigments, waxes, and fatty alcohols. The main components of edible fats and oils are triglycerides. This is even brought about by the atmospheric moisture and temperature. Fat molecules consist of primarily carbon and hydrogen atoms and are therefore hydrophobic and are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. Due to this, there is release of hydrogen peroxide giving a bad odour and taste to the fat. Academic research has mainly been involved with fundamental studies often on pure triacylglycerols or simple mixtures of known composition. The salts are known as soaps and process of its formation is saponification. Rancidity can be prevented by antioxidants like vitamin …
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