Carboxylic acid esters, formula RCOOR′ (R and R′ are any organic combining groups), are commonly prepared by reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, a process called esterification. 1-butanol in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst. Larger esters tend to form more slowly. 1-propanol in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst. The ester can be separated from the carboxylic acid, alcohol, water and sulphuric acid in the mixture by fractional distillation. This method is an updated version of the traditional test-tube scale approach to ester preparation, which minimises the risks involved in handling the reagents involved. The chemistry of the reaction. For further information about this method of ester preparation, consult CLEAPSS Guidance Leaflet PS67-07 ‘Making esters’. Doing the reactions. Esters can be synthesized artificially in labs by combining alcohols and acids of different strengths. Exercises. Preparation of ethyl acetate ester. The direct method for the preparation of esters is the reaction between the carboxylic acidand the alcohol, For example, the ethyl acetate ester is obtained by the reaction of acetic acidand ethyl alcohol. CH3COOH+ C2H5OH ⇔CH3COOC2H5 + … Write the equation for the reaction of benzoic acid with each compound. ethanol. The steps in the procedure for the synthesis of the ester ethyl acetate (ethyl ethanoate) are given below: Add 15 mL of alcohol (eg, ethanol) and 10 mL carboxylic acid (eg, glacial acetic acid), to a 50 mL round bottom flask. Write the equation for the reaction of acetic acid with each compound. methanol. In these cases, it may be necessary to heat the reaction mixture under reflux for some time to produce an equilibrium mixture. This lab contained the synthesis of an ester by allowing different carboxylic acids to react with alcohols, using sulphuric acid as a catalyst, to create esters and allow the student to identify them by their distinct smell. MAKING ESTERS Making esters using carboxylic acids. Esters.
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