These B cells form germinal centres. B cell activation and differentiation are subject to regulation at multiple steps by cell-cell contact and soluble factors, as well as by intracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors. The initial, antigen-independent phase generates mature, immunocompetent B cells that can bind to a unique antigen. B cell then interacts with the cognate T cell and activates the B cell 6.
In both humans and mice, several functionally distinct subpopulations of mature B cells can be distinguished ().Most B cells ultimately serve to yield ASCs, but the subsets differ in location, ability to migrate, activation by TI- or TD-Ag, in the rate of ASC differentiation and the stimulation requirements for ASC differentiation. T cell secrete cytokines to drive B cell activation, proliferation and differentiation to become Ab producing plasma cells Akt was first defined as a key PI3K effector in 1995 (Franke et al., 1995).Within a few years, several groups had shown that Akt is recruited to the membrane and activated downstream of the BCR and CD19, in a manner dependent on PI3K (Aman et al., 1998; Astoul et al., 1999; Pogue et al., 2000; Otero et al., 2001). B cells provide humoral immunity by differentiating into antibody-secreting plasma cells, a process that requires cellular division and is linked to DNA hypomethylation. It then proliferates and becomes a blasting B cell. It is from the CLP from which B cells arise (see Figure 1), commitment to the B cell lineage is a result of contact with the stromal cells as well as growth factor and cytokine production that results in initiating gene regulation that drives B cell commitment. Lymphoid tissues • Primary – Bone marrow – Thymus • Secondary – Lymph nodes – Spleen – Tonsils – Lymphoid tissue within GI and respiratory tracts . 1. Such regulation may be specific for particular stages of B cell development. T and B Cells without NFATc1 and NFATc2 15 Figure 2. This becomes a progenitor B (or pro-B) cell. B cell then interacts with the cognate T cell and activates the B cell 6. Apoptosis - unstimulated B cells die off 2. B-Cell Development, Activation, and Differentiation Sarah Holstein, MD, PhD Nov 13, 2014 . As previously established [], CpG could induce blood B lymphocytes to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells as indicated by the detection of the IgM, IgG, and IgA isotypes in supernatants by ELISA after 5 days of culture (Fig. Figure 3: B cell differentiation after activation. 4. the primed cognate CD4 helper T cell reocognizes the peptide Ag presented by B cells 5. Protein antigens become internalized, digested and presented to T cells as peptides via MHCII. T Cell Activation and Effector Function in the Absence of NFATc1 and NFATc2 (A) T cells from wild-type (WT) or NFATc1/NFATc2-deficient (DKO) fetal liver chimeras were assayed for CD3-mediated proliferative capacity. When a mature B cell encounters antigen that binds to its B cell receptor it becomes activated. Memory B cell - created in germinal centers - 1 wk after activation - circulate in blood, lymph, and tissues Differential gene expression in naïve and memory B cell subsets. B Cell Activation and Differentiation Dr. E. Raveche March 23, 2009 Lecture 11 Kuby (Chapter 11) Resting B cells become activated by antigen via the BCR and/or by microbiological side products (pathogen associated molecular patterns; PAMP) via their toll like receptors (TLR4, 7, 9 in mice) and start to proliferate. The germinal centre B cells undergo … B Cell Activation.
Given its positive effects on CpG activation, we then examined the influence of FCRL3 on TI B cell differentiation and Ig production. 2D).
4. the primed cognate CD4 helper T cell reocognizes the peptide Ag presented by B cells 5. T cell secrete cytokines to drive B cell activation, proliferation and differentiation to become Ab producing plasma cells
Such regulation may be specific for particular stages of B cell development. B cell development and differentiation occurs in multiple phases. The Akt-FOXO Axis in B Cell Development, Activation, and Differentiation.
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