Pour eux, il n'est pas question de céder aux revendications d'une grande partie des émeutiers (le rétablissement du suffrage universel, voire la procl… However, with the help of the Doctrinaires, Molé obtained a favorable vote for the address to the king on 13 January 1838, with 216 votes to 116. Broglie's first act was to take a personal revenge on the Chamber by having it ratify (by 289 votes against 137) the 4 July 1831 treaty with the United States, something which the deputies had refused him in 1834. [13] However, not only was it a failure, and the conspirators arrested, but this allowed Louis-Philippe to form a new government on the same day, presided over by Marshal Soult who had assured him of his loyal support. Another attentat against Louis-Philippe, by Alibaud on 25 June 1836, justified their fears. Economic changes, which had been underway long before the revolution, had progressed further during the years of turmoil and were firmly entrenched by 1815. Pour eux, il n'est pas question de céder aux revendications d'une grande partie des émeutiers (le rétablissement du suffrage universel, voire la proclamation de la République). De 20 à 60 ans, tous ceux qui payent l'impôt sur leurs biens servent dans cette armée bénévole, faiblement expérimentée, mais bien équipée avec 800 000 fusils et 600 canons. Le 23 la Garde nationale, pourtant composée de bourgeois, manifeste bruyamment son opposition au ministère Guizot. En France, la monarchie de Juilletest proclamée le 29 juillet 1830après les émeutes dites des Trois glorieuses qui ont mis fin à la Restauration. On 25 November Casimir Perier announced to the Chamber of Deputies that Marshal Soult, assisted by the Prince Royal, would immediately march on Lyon with 20,000 men. Monarchie de Juillet. The deputies in the chamber then voted for their President, electing Baron Girod de l'Ain, the government's candidate, on the second round. Count Molé formed a new government on 6 September 1836, including the Doctrinaires Guizot, Tanneguy Duchâtel and Adrien de Gasparin. Furthermore, the 10 April 1834 law, primarily aimed against the Republican Society of the Rights of Man (Société des Droits de l'Homme), envisioned a crack-down on non-authorized associations. The Legitimist duchess of Berry attempted an uprising in spring 1832 in Provence and Vendée, a stronghold of the ultra-royalists, while the Republicans headed an insurrection in Paris on 5 June 1832, on the occasion of the funeral of one of their leaders, General Lamarque, also struck dead by the cholera. Leurs chefs sont Casimir Périer, François Guizot et Adolphe Thiers. Soult's cabinet, however, fell on 20 February 1839, 226 deputies having voted against proposed dowry of the duc de Nemours (only 200 votes for), who was to marry Victoire de Saxe-Cobourg-Kohary. The first was reformist and in favor of support to the nationalists who were trying, all over of Europe, to shake the grip of the various Empires in order to create nation-states. La tentative de soulèvement de l'Ouest entreprise en 1832 par la duchesse de Berry (mère du comte de Chambord) échoue et déconsidère sa cause. The first law reinforced the powers of the president of the Cour d'assises and of the public prosecutor against those accused of rebellion, possession of prohibited weapons or attempted insurrection. Louis-Napoléon est emprisonné au fort de Ham, dans la Somme (dont il s'évade en 1846). College Physics - Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille. On the following day, Louis-Philippe sent for Marshal Soult and Guizot so they could return to Paris as soon as possible. This announcement immediately struck a chord with public opinion, which was swept along with patriotic fervor. On 5 February 1836, a narrow majority of deputies (194 against 192) decided to continue the examination of the draft, thus disavowing Broglie's cabinet. However, at the domestic level, Casimir Perier decided to back down before the dominant opposition, and satisfied an old demand of the Left by abolishing hereditary peerages. C'est une monarchie constitutionnelle avec pour roi Louis-Philippe Ier. Confronted with renewed unrest, the government abstained from any strong repression. A part of the center-left thus decided to present Hippolyte Passy against Barrot. Louis-Philippe decided on 13 August 1830 to adopt the arms of the House of Orléans as state symbols. Soult's fall compelled the king to call on the main left-wing figure, Adolphe Thiers. Where there had been 178 in the preceding Chamber, there were now 191. The other conspirators were brought before the Cour d'assises of Strasbourg, which acquitted them on 18 January 1837. All of Thiers's efforts would be thereafter focused on pushing the Doctrinaires away from the ministerial majority. The new government's first aim was to restore public order, while at the same time appearing to acclaim the revolutionary forces which had just triumphed. Le 22 une manifestation a lieu dans Paris, elle connaît quelques incidents entre manifestants et soldats. Les hommes politiques qui ont installé Louis-Philippe sur le trône étaient d'accord pour s'opposer à la politique réactionnaire du roi Charles X. Mais ils se divisent sur l'avenir. but we do confine them,[15] declared the Journal des débats, in this period of intense discussions concerning parricides, mental disease and reform of the penal code.[16]. Guizot shut down republican clubs and disbanded republican publications. To demonstrate that public order had been restored, the king passed reviewed the National Guard on the Place de la Concorde. Instead, the Chambre introuvable, elected in 1815, first banished all Conventionnels who had voted for Louis XVI's death and then passed similar reactionary laws. Louis-Philippe's government was not able to put an end to it, mostly because the National Guard was headed by one of the Republican leaders, the marquis de La Fayette, who advocated a "popular throne surrounded by Republican institutions." However, his tone was judged insulting by the deputies, and one of them, the banker Alexandre Goüin, immediately proposed a draft law concerning bonds himself. On 29 October 1840, when Charles de Rémusat presented to the Council of Ministers the draft of the speech of the throne, prepared by Hippolyte Passy, Louis-Philippe found it too aggressive. Christians imagined a "charitable economy", while the ideas of Socialism, in particular Utopian Socialism (Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, etc.) Ils espèrent le rétablissement du « vrai roi », le comte de Chambord, petit-fils du roi Charles X, en exil depuis 1830. Excellent Condition! On 7 August 1830, the 1814 Charter was revised. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Monarchie de Juillet. De ce fait il y a désormais 168 000 électeurs et 15 000 éligibles (sur une population de plus de 33 millions d'habitants). The liberals thus governed until the 1820 assassination of the duc de Berry, nephew of the king and known supporter of the Ultras, which brought Villèle's Ultras back to power (vote of the Anti-Sacrilege Act in 1825, and of the loi sur le milliard des émigrés, 'Act on the émigrés' billions'). ", Pinkney, David H. "Laissez-Fair or Intervention? Son désir d'aider les peuples européens en lutte contre leurs souverains l'oppose au roi qui le renvoie en mai 1831. De 1836 à 1839, grâce à la complaisance du gouvernement Molé, le roi participe à la direction du pays. The situation seemed at an impasse, when on 12 May 1839, the Société des saisons, a secret Republican society, headed by Martin Bernard, Armand Barbès and Auguste Blanqui, organized an insurrection in the rue Saint-Denis and the rue Saint-Martin in Paris. Steel barrels, smoothbore,half round half eightfold , plain garrisons . On the other hand, the draft proposal on government bonds was easily postponed by the deputies on 22 March 1836, another sign that it had been only a pretext. Cependant Guizot fait voter en 1833, une loi qui oblige les communes à ouvrir et entretenir une école primaire de garçons. Louis-Philippe thus separated the center-right from the center-left, strategically attempting to dissolve the Tiers-Parti, a dangerous game since this could also lead to the dissolving of the parliamentary majority itself and create endless ministerial crises. Louis-Philippe called a trusted man, Marshal Soult, to the Presidency of the Council in October 1832. Download PDF. On 10 May 1838, the deputies rejected the government's plan for railway development, after having finally agreed, a week earlier, the proposals on government bonds opposed by Molé. La caricature de Philippon, retravaillée par Honoré Daumier, qui montre les transformations de la tête du roi en poire, connaît un immense succès. The king, wanting to avoid a public trial, and without legal proceedings, ordered that Louis-Napoléon be taken to Lorient where he was put on board the frigate L'Andromède, which sailed for the United States on 21 November. Mehemet Ali was then immediately dismissed as viceroy by the Sultan. En 1841, sous la pression des patrons des filatures et tissages de l'Est, il fait voter une loi qui réglemente le travail des enfants dans l'industrie. Perier harnessed the support of the cabinet through oaths of solidarity and strict discipline for dissenters. En février 1831, à Paris, la révélation de la tenue d'une messe légitimiste en souvenir du duc de Berry assassiné en 1820, déclenche le pillage de l'église Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois et de l'Archevêché. Sa tentative de soulèvement de la garnison de Strasbourg en 1836 échoue et il est expulsé vers les États-Unis. He conducted these actions, of course, with royal approval. On 26 October 1840, Guizot arrived to Paris from London. The duchess was then expelled to Italy on 8 June 1833. La Monarchie de Juillet (période de 1830 – 1848) I – Les Français sous la Monarchie de Juillet . Les légitimistes sont des royalistes qui considèrent que le roi Louis-Philippe est un usurpateur. The law, however, was almost never implemented. Français : Armoiries de la France pendant la Monarchie de Juillet (1831-1848) Date: 24 August 2016: Source: Own work: Author: Biplanjaune. The 28 April 1832 law, named after the Justice Minister Félix Barthe, reformed the 1810 Penal Code and the Code d'instruction criminelle. Thiers formed his government on 1 March 1840. View all for Law and Public Services Following the ouster of Napoléon Bonaparte in 1814, the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The Republican movement was decapitated, so much that even the funerals of La Fayette on 20 May 1834, were quiet. 250,000 beggars were registered, and 3 million citizens registered with charity offices. In the meanwhile, the prefect of the Seine Odilon Barrot was replaced by Taillepied de Bondy at Montalivet's request, and the prefect of police Jean-Jacques Baude by Vivien de Goubert. The resulting fall in domestic consumption led to a crisis of industrial overproduction. But Louis-Philippe, advised by Talleyrand and Soult, strongly opposed the intervention, which led to Thiers's resignation. Greeted with hostility by the troops in the Place du Carrousel, in front of the Tuileries Palace, the king finally decided to abdicate in favor of his grandson, Philippe d'Orléans, entrusting the regency to his daughter-in-law, Hélène de Mecklembourg-Schwerin. En avril 1834, il y a un nouveau soulèvement à Lyon, lui aussi réprimé durement, on relève 300 morts et 300 blessés. On 30 October 1836, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte attempted an uprising in Strasbourg, which was quickly put down and the Bonapartist prince and his accomplices were arrested on the same day. Coat of Arms of Louis Philippe I (Order of the Golden Fleece), Initial period (August 1830 – November 1830), The symbolic establishment of the new regime, Civil unrest (Canut Revolt) and repression, The consolidation of the regime (1832–1835), Short-lived governments (July 1834 – February 1835), Evolution towards parliamentarianism (1835–1840), The legislative elections of 4 November 1837, The legislative elections of 2 March 1839, Second Soult government (May 1839 – February 1840), Even if Louis-Philippe I was titled King of the French, the name of the country remained Kingdom of France, as it can be seen in the, a year in which many European states had a revolution, voting was related to payment of a certain level of taxes, "Marx and the Permanent Revolution in France: Background to the, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=July_Monarchy&oldid=995959069, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2008, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Two days later, they also adopted a very repressive law on detention and use of military weapons. The king had closely followed and personally financed the project entrusted to the architect Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine. Thiers compared Molé to Polignac, one of Charles X's ministers. On 14 March 1831, on the initiative of a patriotic society created by the mayor of Metz, Jean-Baptiste Bouchotte, the opposition's press launched a campaign to gather funds to create a national association aimed at struggling against any Bourbon Restoration and the risks of foreign invasion. Cependant, le progrès s'y fait sentir grâce à l'amélioration des moyens de transport élargissant les marchés et grâc… On 15 June 1838, Thiers obtained the postponement of a proposal made by the conservative deputy Ovide de Rémilly who, equipping himself with an old demand of the Left, sought to outlaw the nomination of deputies to salaried public offices during their elective mandate. Beside this continuing unrest, in every province, Dauphiné, Picardy, in Carcassonne, Alsace, etc., various Republican conspiracies threatened the government (conspiracy of the Tours de Notre-Dame in January 1832, of the rue des Prouvaires in February 1832, etc.) The reformed Charter of 1830 limited the power of the king—stripping him of his ability to propose and decree legislation, as well as limiting his executive authority. The prefect then tried to have the National Guard disperse the crowd, but the latter refused to go, forcing him to call on the army. Despite this, the negotiations for the formation of a new cabinet still were unsuccessful, with Thiers making his friends promise to request his authorization before accepting any governmental function. Mais les menées de la France en Espagne (à propos des mariages espagnols) mécontentent fortement les Britanniques et Guizot tente alors de se rapprocher des souverains absolutistes d'Europe. The conservative Journal des débats spoke of a "coalition of all talents",[11] while the King of the French would eventually speak, with obvious disappointment, of a "Casimir Perier in three persons." The commemoration turned into a political demonstration in favor of the count of Chambord, Legitimist pretender to the throne. Choose from 10 pictures in our Monarchie De Juillet collection for your Wall Art or Photo Gift. Le roi lui-même est menacé et est la cible de nombreux attentats comme celui de Fieschi en juillet 1835 qui fait 18 morts et 23 blessés. Confronted to the Parti de l'Ordre's defeat, Louis-Philippe decided to put Laffitte to trial, hoping that the exercise of power would discredit him. Guizot refused any reforms, rejecting a broader franchise. Such a Chamber carried the risk of the formation of a heterogeneous coalition against the government. The Fieschi attentat shocked the bourgeoisie and most of France, which was generally more conservative than the people of Paris. Confronted to such a slight and uncertain majority, Molé presented his resignation to the king on 22 January 1839. The new Minister of Interior, Adolphe Thiers, had his first success on 7 November 1832 with the arrest in Nantes of the rebellious duchess of Berry, who was detained in the citadel of Blaye. Louis-Philippe ruled, not as "King of France" but as "King of the French" (an evocative difference for contemporaries). On the opening of the parliamentary session in December 1838, André Dupin was elected by a very slim majority (183 votes for 178 for Hippolyte Passy, the center-left candidate and adamant opponent of the "Castle cabinet") as President of the Chamber. The trial of Charles X's former ministers took place from 15 to 21 December 1830 before the Chamber of Peers, surrounded by rioters demanding their death. Thiers supported Odilon Barrot as President of the Chamber, but his attitude during the negotiations for the formation of a new cabinet had disappointed some of his friends. Celui-ci est incapable de faire cesser l'agitation quotidienne à propos de la vie chère et des poursuites contre les partisans de la Restauration. Cette origine révolutionnaire et le choix du duc d'Orléans, devenu Louis-Philippe, parce que Bourbon pour les uns, quoique Bourbon pour d'autres, expliquent l'ambiguïté du régime qu'une autre révolution devait emporter dix-huit ans plus tard. Guizot's advice to those who were disenfranchised by the tax-based electoral requirements was "enrichissez-vous" (enrich yourselves). : It is a unique record of the July Monarchy. Molé's cabinet appeared to be taken hostage by the Doctrinaires, at the exact moment when Guizot was distancing himself from the President of the Council. The Peers, however, supported Molé and rejected the initiative. However, Marshal Mortier and ten other persons were killed, while tens were injured (among which seven died in the following days). However, Louis-Philippe was not really much more comfortable with one side than with the other, being closer to the center. Henceforth, there was an increase in workers' demonstrations, with riots in the Buzançais in 1847. He was replaced by Marshal Gérard, with the other ministers remaining in place. He attempted to compensate the aristocrats for what they had lost in the revolution, curbed the freedom of the press, and reasserted the power of the Church. Therefore, the king and Molé decided, against the duc d'Orléans's advice, that the moment was auspicious for the dissolving of the Chamber, which was done on 3 October 1837. Watch Queue Queue. 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