Seems like everyone wanted to test their entrepreneurial spirit or simply ensure their homes smell like roses throughout the year! The products of Damask rose are rose water, rose oil and dried petals that are used in medicine, food and perfume industry, as well as make-up and health products. amzn_assoc_region = "US"; Did you know: In 1886, the renown rose trading house “Kancho Shipkov” bought 92 984 vials of rose oil from various towns and villages across the Valley. Afterwards, the rose petals are put in big baskets made of willow branches again and are transported to the rose processing plant. Join now. Rosa à damascena is optimally cultivated in hedge rows to help protect the blooms from wind damage and to facilitate harvesting them. This time of the year is the happiest and most dynamic for the rose farmers, as it marks the time where they reap the fruits of their labour that they’ve put in throughout the year. [7], There is a history of fragrance production in Kabul Province of Afghanistan from the Damask rose. Rose water is often sprinkled on meat dishes, while rose powder is added to sauces. Introduction. Hazard classification & labelling Hazard classification and labelling. 1. In the early 20th century, out of 479 farmers, 427 grew Rosa Damascena in addition to the usual crops. Experience Culture: Traditional Tastes from Syria- Rosa Damascena shadi 15.03.2017 Amman , Food , Travel Tips One of the best experiences to participate in when visiting Jordan is trying the food. Gathering the flowers is intense manual labor. Perhaps due to the low labor cost, these products from India are less expensive than those from Bulgaria and Turkey. The resistant cells were 2.2 to 2.8 times larger and had about twice the amount of DNA and more chromosomes than the parental, sensitive cells. Clothing changed to city fashion even in the villages, The development of coppersmithing, tinkering, barrel making, basketry. When Spring comes, there is some kind of magic in the air, the birds sing, people smile and the scent of flowers brightens your mind! ACTIVE MATTER: 50%. Beyond being known for its heady fragrance, the Damask rose has long been used for rose oil or âattar of rosesâ, and is commonly used to flavour food and make rose water. The most city famous with this kind of flowers is Damascus, the capital of Syria, because it is the origin of it, and it takes it name from it. In his third letter to the National geographic institute in Paris in 1859, S. Paye points out: “The Kazanlak valley was called by the Turks – ‘Tele’ – the richest and most fertile land in European Turkey.”. To make just 1 milligram of pure rose essential oil you need 50.000 individual petals (around 1500 rose flowers) which is the equivalent of around 3.5 kilograms (7-8 pounds) of rose petals. amzn_assoc_ad_type = "smart"; CAS Number: 90106-38-0 IUPAC Name: Absolute of Rosa Damascena (Rosaceae) obtained from fresh rose flowers by extraction with an apolar solvent followed by an extraction with ethanol Evi-dence is presented to support the theory that R. damascena was originally an We just arrived yesterday June 3rd but only could see the parade on the street of kazanlak. Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill. and Rosa rugosa Thunb. The amount of rose oil produced from the oil-bearing roses depends on the type of rose. Soil sciences and vegetal productions Each village in the rose Valley had their special method of maintaining, planting and processing the rose petals. The rose pickers pick the rose petals in special, willow branch baskets as the willow does not soak the dew of the rose petals. amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon"; Global known Damask Rose's been grown there are two main areas: Turkey's Isparta province and region of Kazanluk in Bulgaria. amzn_assoc_design = "in_content"; The traders would have relations with various companies from the perfume industry in the USA, France, Germany, UK etc. ORIGIN: De-differentiated cells of Rosa damascena Mill. India has also developed an industry producing rose oil, both "Rose Attar" and "Rose Absolutes", as well as "Rose Concrete". During the early 20th century, the price for a vial of rose otto was between 5 and 10 levs and increased gradually up to 300 levs for a vial in 1925. The predominant soil in the region is cinnamon-forest soil which is always mixed with sand and rubble, with some formed alluvial soil types and subtypes created by the accumulation of river mineralization. The leaves are pinnate, with five (rarely seven) leaflets. According to Gabrielle Turgut, 1680 was the year when rose distillation began in Bulgaria – in the beautiful Rose Valley. In cazul in care trandafirii nu ⦠You can almost feel the reason why the ancient Thracian tribes have decided to place their valley of Thracian kings inside the Valley of Roses, but let us not get distracted, I will write more about our Thracian heritage in another article! Creation of various songs, poetry, and novels connected with the Rosa Damascena. That is why it is so precious and is called ‘liquid gold’. It takes approximately 1500 roses to make just one milligram of oil – hence it is known as liquid gold. The local producers would need years of experience in order to distinguish the original from the fake. It is considered an important type of Old Rose, and also important for its prominent place in the pedigree of many other types. phytoplacenta culture extract: CAS Number: 90106-38-0: ECHA EC Number: 290-260-3: Category: antioxidants, skin protecting . If there is anything else you want to know about the history of rose oil production in Bulgaria, leave a comment and I’ll try to answer as soon as I can. Learn how your comment data is processed. For centuries, the Rose Valley has been a rose-growing area of great importance. Chlorosis in Rosa damascena shoots is the major problem. 'Celsiana' is a flowering semi-double variety. Rosa damascena, also called damask roses, can be traced to Asia Minor. Soil science and plant productions Discipline Agronomy. The flower petals are also edible. The hybrid is divided in two varieties:[3]. There were many social, economic and cultural changes due to the vast development of rose oil production. FamousRoses.eu este unul dintre cei mai importanti furnizori de trandafiri pentru dulceata si ulei esential ('Rosa Damascena Trigintipetala' si 'Rose de Rescht'). The average growth of lands planted with roses was between 2 and 5 thousand square meters a year. The roses are still grown by the small family farms but the flowers are brought to stills established and regulated by the cooperative for distillation and quality control. The name of the rose refers to the city of Damascus in Syria, known for its steel (Damask steel), fabrics (Damask) and roses. Everything is checked and double-checked because when the rose processing begins it goes on 24/7 and there is no time for any extra work. We missed the rose picking ritual part. [8], The flower, known in Hawaiian as Lokelani, is the official flower of the Island of Maui.[9]. The international relations of the bigger rose oil trading and producing companies would introduce new etiquette and cultural trends taken from other countries. Gyulova rakia is made from the rose marks leftover from the rose extraction process. It is cultivated for commercial use in an area in the vicinity of Kazanlak called the "Valley of Roses". The Damask rose is a deciduous shrub growing to 2.2 metres (7 ft 3 in) tall, the stems densely armed with stout, curved prickles and stiff bristles. Rosa damascena mill L., known as Gole Mohammadi in is one of the most important species of Rosaceae family flowers. Today, the rose is one of the symbols of Bulgaria and attracts visitors from all over the world, especially from Japan where the rose is also culturally important. Rosa Damascena Extract is an extract of the rose, Rosa damascena. Isparta is located in southwest Turkey and it is known as "City of Roses" at altitude of 1035m. Bravo!” And don’t forget to wear old clothes as the rose thorns will be all over you. The famous gyulova rakya (alcohol beverage) became popular both across the country and abroad. Search by keywords . The rose picking period begins and lasts differently for the different regions. However, it was a popular ingredient in ancient times and continued to be popular well into the Renaissance. The roses have a fascinating history […], Your email address will not be published. Rose farmers who have 2 to 3 thousand square meters of rose plantation gather their families and prepare to pick up roses by themselves while those with more roses to pick hire rose pickers and pay them per kilogram of roses picked. Geranium oil would be imported in Kazanlak from Spain, Italy, and even African countries in order to be mixed with real rose oil. The rose picking begins at 4 o’clock in the morning and usually ends at 10 AM because the rose petals picked in the afternoon have 50% less rose oil concentrate in them. Other accounts state that the ancient Romans brought it to their colonies in England, and a third account is that the physician of King Henry VIII gifted him one circa 1540. The Bulgarian rose producers were pretty good at finding ingenious ways to increase the quality of the rose oil, and as the local producers would say: the quality and quantity you can produce depends on 1. the quality of the rose petals and 2. the experience of the one who makes the rose oil. Could you tell me the name and address of these rose fields so we can go there today? The flowers are renowned for their fine fragrance, and are commercially harvested for rose oil (either "rose otto" or "rose absolute") used in perfumery and to make rose water and "rose concrete". plant was brought to Bulgaria in the early 17th century. Rosa Damascena Flower water is an aqueous solution of the steam of the distillate obtained from the flowers of the Damask Rose, Rosa damascena, Rosaceae 13. The most common roses grown for their rose otto in the Valley of Roses are: The way you pick a rosebud properly is using your thumb, index and middle fingers. [8] An attempt has been made to restore this industry as an alternative for farmers who produce opium. ROSA DAMASCENA CULTURE ORNEMENTALE AGRONOMIE Keyword (en) AGRONOMY Keyword (es) AGRONOMIA Classification Pascal 002 Biological and medical sciences / 002A Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Its origin was by tradition the Middle East, but recent genetic tests indicate that it is a hybrid of R. moschata x R. gallica crossed with the pollen of Rosa fedtschenkoana, which indicates that a more probable origin is the foothills of central Asia, which is the home of its pollen parent. Bulgaria and Turkey are the most prolific producers of rose oil from the different cultivars of Rosa à damascena. The town of Kazanlak, Bulgaria has been inhabited for thousands of years. INCI NAME: Rosa damascena Callus Culture Extract, Rosa rugosa Callus Culture Extract, Glycerin, Aqua. Rosa × damascena (D) damask rose Join the RHS today and get 12 months for the price of 9. Two weeks before the actual rose picking, the local farmers frantically fix the barrels for rose boiling, preparing a fireplace made of ‘red’ clay, buying rose oil bottles and flasks, digging ditches where cold water will flow from the local rivers in order to cool the hot steam of the rose processing. R. damascena is an ornamental plant and beside perfuming effect, several. Turkish rose oil is sold as "Rose Oil", "Turkish Rose Otto", and "Rosa Damascena Attar", or "Ittar" in similar languages. amzn_assoc_linkid = "505048952166834e80a12d9350955ed3"; Ivan June 4, 2018 @ Throughout the 18th, 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, various western, Russian and Bulgarian explorers, writers and revolutionaries have mentioned the development and importance of the rose production in Bulgaria. which showed unusual resistance to damage by short wave (254 nanometers) ultraviolet radiation was isolated. It was planted in a special geographical region, the valley between the Balkan Mountain. A liquid culture system using nodal segments was used for shoot proliferation and root induction in Rosa damascena and R. bourboniana, two commercially-important species of scented rose. Another important trick is to not let any steam out which would decrease the amount of oil produced. Rosa à damascena, more commonly known as the Damask rose,[1][2] or sometimes as the rose of Castile, is a rose hybrid, derived from Rosa gallica and Rosa moschata. In 1893, Aleko Konstantinov, one of the most famous Bulgarian authors met Ganyo in the Chicago fair in the US and would later use him as the prototype of the infamous character bai Ganyo (бай Ганьо). This difference is due to the height of each valley and its temperature and humidity. Hold the rosebud and break it by pressing it upwards with your thumb. Rosa damascena Damask Rose. amzn_assoc_default_search_phrase = "organic rose oil"; The famous rose trader Ganyo Somov from Enina village would put rose vials in his belt and would travel to international fairs and exhibitions, trying to find the best price he can get. You may like to make changes in the culture vessel type, gelling agents and incubation conditions of room to over come such problems. Pretty expensive, huh? There were many who tried to produce fake rose oil in order to reap higher profits by diluting the rose oil with geranium oil, the percentage of which could go up to 30-40 as in some cases, everyone along the trading line would try to increase the amount of rose oil they possess. The fragrance of the rose has been captured and preserved in the form of rose water by a method that can be traced to ancient times in the Middle East and later to the Indian subcontinent. In the old times, rose oil was produced through a simple, single distillation process which gave minuscule amounts of rose oil – the most desired scent in ancient times. Sadly, the huge increase of rose plantations in the early 20th century was reduced to 23% after the end of World War II. A 1000 square meters of land with Rosa Damascena plants cost between 60-200 levs. For example, a typical Bulgarian method would be to have a metal tube which is put in an 80×80 cm. 11:52 am, […] Roses are perhaps the main economy in this part of Bulgaria. Rosaceae family flowers. When visiting the Kazanlak Valley on the 21st of May, 1837, Helmuth von Moltke wrote in his itinerary “In the land of roses”: “The air is filled with aroma and I do not only mean it figuratively, as it is usually said in poetic descriptions, I mean it literally. Cancer . The modern production of high quality rose oil (or rose otto) by using a double distillation method began in the 17th century. EC Number: 290-260-3 EC Name: Rose, Rosa damascena, ext. Rainy weather prolongs the rose-picking process and therefore eases the labour of the rose pickers as the rose petals bloom gradually. Chicken with rose is a popular dish in Persian cuisine. Abstract. wooden barrel filled with cold water which is used to cool the hot steam of the rose boiling barrel. Modern Western cookery does not use roses or rose water much. A still popular example of R. à damascena is the Ispahan rose. December 12, 2019 @ The annual average of hired rose pickers was over 3000. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "ate flower and individual island flowers", Gernot Katzer's Spice Dictionary - Damask Rose, Roses of Constantinople - Damask Rose Kazanlik, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Ã_damascena&oldid=995729879, Articles needing additional references from July 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 16:02. Also Hama, Allepo, Homs, and other Syrian cities and villages. amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "search"; Pound for pound, the oil is more expensive than gold! The various arguments to explain the evolution of Rosa damascena are pre-sented along with accessory information needed to evaluate them critically. and rose water from Rosa damascena is reviewed, as are cultural practices and current research programs. It is a unique region, where nature and the climatic conditions are most suitable for cultivation of roses and a wide range of essential oil yielding plants. Planting, hoeing, earing, rose picking, transportation, taxes and even a 5% interest. Cotes, 1640). Many more rose varieties are known, e. g., alba roses, which are probably hybrids of Rosa damascena with the central European wild species Rosa canina. Now when you go on a rose picking event in the valley, the locals will be amazed and will say: “Wow, how did you know how to pick roses? Before growing and trading with Rosa Damascena products, Bulgarians living in the Kazanlak and Karlovo valleys would grow various types of fruits and vegetables, craft different tools, and cloth, herd cattle and trade with neighbour regions. Name: rosa damascena mill. Its origin was by tradition the Middle East, but recent genetic tests indicate that it is a hybrid of R. moschata x R. gallica crossed with the pollen of Rosa fedtschenkoana, which indicates that a more probable origin is the foothills of central Asia, which is the home of its pollen parent.[6]. The bush has an informal shape. France and India also contribute significantly to the world market. There is a long list of various tools used in each of these processes, some of which you can see in the Institute of Rose in Kazanlak and their museum. Rosa damascena (other common names: damask rose, summer damask rose). Actively He was later Royal Botanist to Charles I. It is reported that roses have been cultivated in the area since Roman times. Other producers are Afghanistan and Chile. The hybrid Rosa à centifolia is derived in part from Rosa à damascena, as are Bourbon, Portland and hybrid perpetual roses. On the other hand, the locals would ask what are the prices of the rose oil and would search for the commissioner who offers the best price. Rosa damascena is among the most famous plants used as raw materials in cosmetics.Distinguished primarily for its fragrance, Rosa damascena has numerous valuable properties contributing to youthful and healthy skin.The abundance of phenolic compounds, terpenes, glycosides, flavonoids, and anthocyanins is credited for its antioxidant, antibacterial and antimicrobial properties.
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